The Twelve-Factor App
Listed inEnvironments and ConfigurationBuild, CI & Deploymenton
The config, dependency, and process rules that most deployment platforms now assume you already follow.
External
12factor.net · 12factor.net#operations
#practices
Getting code from a laptop to production repeatably: dependencies, pipelines, containers, and release strategies that can be undone.
12 articles
Listed inEnvironments and ConfigurationBuild, CI & Deploymenton
The config, dependency, and process rules that most deployment platforms now assume you already follow.
Listed inDependency ManagementBuild, CI & Deploymenton
Lockfiles, version ranges, transitive conflicts, and the cost of adding one more package.
Listed inOrchestrationBuild, CI & Deploymenton
Scheduling, health probes, resource limits, and rolling updates that respect readiness.
Listed inFeature FlagsBuild, CI & Deploymenton
Shipping dark, gradual rollout, kill switches, and deleting the flag before it becomes permanent.
Listed inBuild SystemsBuild, CI & Deploymenton
Dependency graphs, incremental builds, caching, and why your build is slower than it needs to be.
Listed inContainersBuild, CI & Deploymenton
Images, layers, and namespaces — plus the multi-stage build that stops shipping your toolchain.
Listed inDeployment StrategiesBuild, CI & Deploymenton
Blue-green, rolling, and canary releases, with the rollback path decided before you deploy.
Listed inContinuous DeliveryBuild, CI & Deploymenton
Every commit deployable, decoupling deploy from release, and the batch size that makes it safe.
Listed inEnvironments and ConfigurationBuild, CI & Deploymenton
Config from the environment, parity between staging and production, and validating config at boot.
Listed inContinuous IntegrationBuild, CI & Deploymenton
What belongs in the pipeline, keeping it under ten minutes, and treating a red main as an emergency.
Listed inInfrastructure as CodeBuild, CI & Deploymenton
Declarative infrastructure, state files, drift, and reviewing a plan before it runs.
Listed inArtifacts and RegistriesBuild, CI & Deploymenton
Immutable, versioned build outputs, and promoting the same artifact through every environment.